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weight and performance calculations for the Aeronautical Society Ltd. Valkyrie type
Aeronautical Society Ltd. Valkyrie type B
importance : ****
first flight : November 1910 operational : spring 1911
country : United-Kingdom
design : Horatio Barber
production : ca. 11 aircraft
general information :
This somewhat odd looking canard pusher configured aircraft proved reliable and safe in flight. The wide track and robust landing gear made operations from rough terrain possible. At first Barber flew from Salisbury plain but after Hendon aerodrome was opened on 01 October 1910 he moved to there. He hired 3 sheds and started a flying school. Also he offered daily passengers flights. The Valkyrie was built in 3 types, at first there was the type A single-seater. The 2 nd was the Type C, this was bigger with a wing span of 11.89m and capable of taking two passengers besides the pilot. The type B appeared in 1911 and was smaller, and had a 50hp Gnome rotary engine. Production continued till April 1912.
Barber took 151 passengers to the sky in 1911 and flew a total of 11265 km without serious mishaps. On 04 July 1911 he made history by making the first cargo flight in the United Kingdom. He carried a box of Osram light bulbs from Shoreham to Hove , in Sussex, a distance of only 15 miles.
users : Horatio Barber
crew : 1 passengers : 1
engine : 1 Gnome 7 Omega air-cooled 7 -cylinder atmospheric inlet-valve rotary engine 50 [hp](37.3 KW)
dimensions :
wingspan : 9.45 [m], length : 7.92 [m], height : 2.74[m]
wing area : 15.61 [m^2]
weights :
max.take-off weight : 475 [kg]
empty weight operational : 249 [kg] useful load : 80 [kg]
performance :
maximum speed :110 [km/hr] at sea-level
cruise speed :99 [km/u] op 100 [m]
service ceiling : 1500 [m]
estimated action radius : 100 [km]
estimated endurance : 2.02 [hours]
description :
shoulder-winged monoplane with fixed underwing 4 -wheel landing gear and tail strut
two spar wing
tail supported by two open tail booms
engines, landing gear, fuel and useful load in or attached to the fuselage
airscrew :
fixed pitch 2 -bladed pusher airscrew with max. efficiency :0.64 [ ]
diameter airscrew 2.44 [m]
angle of attack prop : 14.88 [ ]
fine pitch
reduction : 1.00 [ ]
airscrew revs : 1200 [r.p.m.]
pitch at Max speed 1.53 [m]
blade-tip speed at Vmax and max revs. : 156 [m/s]
calculation : *1* (dimensions)
wing chord : 1.83 [m]
mean wing chord : 1.65 [m]
calculated wing chord (square tips): 1.79 [m]
Wing area : 168 sq.ft = 15.61 m2 prop.diam. 8 ft = 2.44m wing span : 31ft = 9.45m length : 26 ft = 7.92m height : 9 ft = 2.74m
wing aspect ratio : 5.72 []
gap : 0.00 [m]
gap/chord : 0.00 [ ]
seize (span*length*height) : 205 [m^3]
calculation : *2* (fuel consumption)
oil consumption : 3.4 [kg/hr]
fuel consumption(cruise speed) : 14.9 [kg/hr] (20.3 [litre/hr]) at 80 [%] power
distance flown for 1 kg fuel : 6.65 [km/kg] at 750 [m] cruise height, sfc : 501.0 [kg/kwh]
estimated total fuel capacity : 46.59 [litre] (34.15 [kg])
calculation : *3* (weight)
weight engine(s) dry : 75.0 [kg] = 2.01 [kg/KW]
weight 10.0 litre oil tank : 0.85 [kg]
oil tank filled with 0.3 litre oil : 0.3 [kg]
oil in engine 0.2 litre oil : 0.2 [kg]
fuel in engine 0.3 litre fuel : 0.19 [kg]
weight 8.6 litre gravity patrol tank(s) : 1.3 [kg]
The Aeronautical Syndicate was located at Hendon Aerodrome, Colindale avenue, London , 10.5 km from the Marble arch .
weight cowling 1.5 [kg]
weight airscrew(s) (wood) incl. boss & bolts : 9.0 [kg]
total weight propulsion system : 87 [kg](18.4 [%])
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weight tail boom : 11 [kg]
fuselage skeleton (wood gauge : 4.08 [cm]): 34 [kg]
bracing : 2.0 [kg]
weight instruments. : 1.1 [kg]
weight controls : 4.4 [kg]
weight seats : 3.0 [kg]
weight 38 [litre] main fuel tank empty : 3.0 [kg]
weight engine mount : 1.9 [kg]
total weight fuselage : 49 [kg](10.3 [%])
***************************************************************
weight wing covering (doped linen fabric) : 9 [kg]
total weight ribs (23 ribs) : 28 [kg]
load on front upper spar (clmax) per running metre : 385.8 [N]
load on rear upper spar (vmax) per running metre : 140.9 [N]
total weight 4 spars : 19 [kg]
weight wings : 57 [kg]
weight wing/square meter : 3.63 [kg]
weight cables (38 [m]) : 6.0 [kg] (= 158 [gram] per metre)
diameter cable : 5.1 [mm]
area of canard wing : 0.7 [m2
weight canard wing :2.8 [kg]
weight fin & rudder (1.0 [m2]) : 3.9 [kg]
weight stabilizer & elevator (1.5 [m2]): 5.5 [kg]
total weight wing surfaces & bracing : 75 [kg] (15.8 [%])
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good soft ground capabilities
wheel pressure : 118.8 [kg]
weight 4 wheels (680 [mm] by 76 [mm]) : 24.8 [kg]
weight tailskid : 1.0 [kg]
weight undercarriage with axle 9.5 [kg]
total weight landing gear : 35.4 [kg] (7.5 [%]
*******************************************************************
Another notable early flight was made when Miss Eleanor Trehawke Davies chartered Barber to fly her from Hendon to Brighton and back. The flight, hampered by cloud and high winds, took two days. Miss Trehawke Davies was a notable flying enthusiast, and was later to become the first passenger to be carried between London and Paris.
********************************************************************
calculated empty weight : 247 [kg](52.0 [%])
weight oil for 2.4 hours flying : 8.1 [kg]
calculated operational weight empty : 255 [kg] (53.7 [%])
published operational weight empty : 249 [kg] (52.4 [%])
---o---
"
weight crew : 81 [kg]
weight fuel for 1.0 hours flying : 15 [kg]
********************************************************************
operational weight : 351 [kg](73.9 [%])
fuel reserve : 19.3 [kg] enough for 1.29 [hours] flying
possible additional useful load : 105 [kg]
operational weight fully loaded : 475 [kg] with fuel tank filled for 100 [%]
published maximum take-off weight : 475 [kg] (100.0 [%])
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calculation : * 4 * (engine power)
power loading (Take-off) : 12.74 [kg/kW]
power loading (operational without useful load) : 9.41 [kg/kW]
total power : 37.3 [kW] at 1200 [r.p.m]
calculation : *5* (loads)
manoeuvre load : 1.7 [g] at 1000 [m]
limit load : 4.5 [g] ultimate load : 6.8 [g] load factor : 2.1 [g]
design flight time : 1.62 [hours]
design cycles : 93 sorties, design hours : 45 [hours]
operational wing loading : 220 [N/m^2]
wing stress (3 g) during operation : 182 [N/kg] at 3g emergency manoeuvre
calculation : *6* (angles of attack)
angle of attack zero lift : -1.28 ["]
max. angle of attack (stalling angle) : 13.14 ["]
angle of attack at max. speed : 3.71 ["]
calculation : *7* (lift & drag ratios
lift coefficient at angle of attack 0° :0.10 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. angle of attack : 1.12 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. speed : 0.39 [ ]
induced drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0112 [ ]
drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0867 [ ]
drag coefficient (zero lift) : 0.0755 [ ]
calculation : *8* (speeds
stalling speed at sea-level (OW): 64 [km/u]
stalling speed at sea-level (MTOW): 75 [km/u]
landing speed at sea-level: 76 [km/hr]
min. drag speed (max endurance) at cruise height : 74 [km/hr] at 750 [m]
min. power speed (max range) : 74 [km/hr] at 750 [m] (power:48 [%])
max. rate of climb speed : 69.3 [km/hr] at sea-level
cruising speed : 99 [km/hr] op 750 [m] (power:74 [%])
design speed prop : 104 [km/hr]
maximum speed : 110 [km/hr] op 100 [m] (power:98 [%])
climbing speed at sea-level : 196 [m/min]
calculation : *9* (regarding various performances)
take-off speed : 82.5 [km/u]
static prop wash : 84 [km/u]
take-off distance at sea-level : 95 [m]
lift/drag ratio : 6.68 [ ]
time to 1000m : 6.37 [min]
time to 2000m : 16.56 [min]
published ceiling (1500 [m]
practical ceiling (operational weight) : 3578 [m] with flying weight :351 [kg] line 3385
practical ceiling fully loaded (mtow- 30 min.fuel) : 2028 [m] with flying weight :468 [kg]
max. dive speed : 212.6 [km/hr] at 1028 [m] height
turning speed at CLmax : 87.5 [km/u] at 50 [m] height
turn radius at 50m: 39 [m]
time needed for 360* turn 10.1 [seconds] at 50m
load factor at max. angle turn 1.83 ["g"]
calculation *10* (action radius & endurance)
estimated endurance : 2.02 [hours] with 1 crew and possible useful load : 109.0 [kg] and 88.1 [%] fuel
maximum action radius : 462 [km] with 1 crew and 0 [kg] useful load ( 189.8 [litre] additional fuel needed)
max range theoretically with additional fuel tanks for total 189.8 [litre] fuel : 924.7 [km]
useful load with range 500km : 64 [kg]
production : 6.32 [tonkm/hour]
oil and fuel consumption per tonkm : 2.89 [kg]
°_I>-/
°
Fatal accidents :
25 May 1911 Valkyrie flown by student pilot Bernard Benson, the third Brito to be killed in an aircraft accident.
17 September 1911 Valkyrie flown by army pilot Lt. Reginald Archibald Cammell, crashed at Hendon during a test flight with a new engine.
Literature :
Historische vliegtuigen page
DISCLAIMER Above calculations are based on published data, they must be
regarded as indication not as facts.
Calculated performance and weight may not correspond with actual weights
and performances and are assumptions for which no responsibility can be taken.
Calculations are as accurate as possible, they can be fine-tuned when more data
is available, you are welcome to give suggestions and additional information
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(c) B van der Zalm 07 October 2020 contact : info.aircraftinvestigation@gmail.com python 3.7.4